1. Remove impurities
Spinning is the study of the processing of textile staple fibers into yarns, which are generally made from many staple fibers of different lengths by twisting, as well as by twisting long continuous monofilaments. In the spinning process, it is first necessary to remove impurities, that is, the preliminary processing of the raw material, also known as the preparation of the spinning raw material. The types of raw materials are different, the types and properties of impurities are different, and the processing methods and Yuyi are also different. The preliminary processing methods of raw materials mainly include physical methods (such as cotton ginning), chemical methods (such as degumming of hemp, refining of silk) and combined physical and chemical methods (such as washing and de-weeding of wool).
2. Loosening
To process the chaotic and horizontally closely connected fibers into a longitudinal sequence arrangement, and have certain requirements for smooth yarns, it is necessary to turn the block fibers into a single fiber state, remove the horizontal connection of fiber raw materials, and establish a solid longitudinal connection between the end and the end. The former is called the release of the fibers, and the latter is called the collection of fibers. The release of the fibers is the complete removal of the lateral connection between the fibers, but the damage to the fibers must be minimized as much as possible. The collection of fibers is to re-establish the longitudinal connection of the fibers in an orderly manner, which is continuous, and the distribution of fibers in the aggregate should be uniform, and at the same time have a certain linear density and strength. Fiber aggregates, but also need to add a certain twist. The assembly process is not completed at one time, but can only be completed after multiple processes such as carding, drafting and twisting.
3. Opening
Opening is the tearing of large fibers into small, small fiber bundles. Broadly speaking, the degumming of hemp is also a kind of opening. As the opening action progresses, the connection between the fibers and the impurities is weakened, so that the impurities are removed and the fibers are mixed with each other. The opening action and the removal of impurities are not completed at one time, but are gradually achieved through the rational configuration of tearing, blowing, and splitting.
4. Carding
The carding function is to further loosen the small pieces and bundles of fibers into a single state by a large number of dense comb needles on the carding machine, so as to further improve the release of fibers. After carding, the horizontal connection between the fibers was basically removed, and the impurity removal and mixing effect was more sufficient. However, there are a large number of fibers that are curved and hooked, and there is still a certain transverse connection between each fiber. The earliest spinning machines
5. Combing
The carding function of the comber is to use the comb to comb the two ends of the fiber separately in a more detailed combing state. Combing machining can eliminate short fibers and fine impurities below a certain length, making the fibers more parallel and straight. Chemical fibers are generally not processed by combers because of their neat length, few impurities, and good straightening and parallel state.
6. Drafting
The combed strips are lengthened and thinned to gradually reach a predetermined thickness, a process called drafting. It lays the foundation for the firm establishment of a regular end-to-end connection between fibers. However, drafting will bring unevenness in short yarn segments, so it is necessary to configure reasonable drafting devices and process parameters.
7. Twisting
Twisting is to twist the whisker around its own axis, so that the fiber parallel to the axial direction of the whisker is spiral, so as to generate radial pressure to fix the longitudinal connection between the fibers.
8. Winding
The semi-finished product or finished product is wound into a certain form to facilitate storage, transportation and processing of the next process, which is called winding. The winding process should be carried out continuously on the basis of not affecting the output and quality of the product, and efforts should be made to achieve continuous production between various processes to reduce the quality problems caused by the winding process as much as possible. In short, the spinning process generally includes raw material preparation, opening, carding, impurity removal, mixing, drafting, merging, twisting and winding, etc., some of which are realized after many times.